Jaw crusher with side thrust absorbing bearings



June 3, 1952 H. H. RUMPEL 2,598,942

JAW CRUSHER WITH SIDE THRUST ABSORBING BEARINGS Filed Dec. 19, 1949 9 INVENTOR. 6

Patented June 3, 1952 J AW CRUSHER WITH SIDE THRUST ABSORBING BEARINGS Harvey H. R umpel, Whitefish Bay,-Wis., assignor tozSmith-Engineering Works, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application December 19, 1949, Serial No. 133,715

6*Claims. 1

This invention relates in general to improvements in the art of crushing hard materials such asrock and ore, and relates more specifically toimprovements in the-constructionand operation of so-called jaw crushers.

The primary object ofthe present invention-is to provide an improved jaw type crusher'which is simple and durable in construction, and which is also'highly efficient in operation.

It'has heretofore been common practice to utilize so-called jaw crushers each comprising aframe having fixed and movable jaws mounted thereon andcooperating to form a downwardly'taperedcrushing chamber, the movable jaw being oscillatable relative to the 'fixed jaw by 2.

means of a suspension eccentric at its upper end so as to crush the material gravitating through the crushing zone. During normal operation of these jaw crushers; especially when the cooperating crushing surfaces of one or both of the :jaws are longitudinally corrugated but also when these surfaces are smooth, the

oscillatory or movable jaw is frequently subjected'to enormous lateral or side pressures acting parallel to the axes of its driving eccentric 7 and actuating or pivot shaft. In view of the fact that these pressures are primarily applied to the movable jaw remote from its suspension point, the eccentric and shaft bearings are-obviously subject to considerable tilting stress in addition to the torque due to rotation of the eccentric.

In order-to resist these tilting pressures, it has heretofore been customary to utilize antifriction bearings between the movable jaw and the eccentric, and between the eccentric driving shaft and'the crusher frame, these bearings being ,of a type adapted to absorb both radial and axial thrust. But the tremendous tilting pressures to which these special and rather costly bearings were subjected due to'the lateral forces acting upon the moving jaw, still caused the bearings to Wear rapidly and would even break the anti-friction elements, thus causing considerable annoyance, expense, and loss of time due to replacement thereof.

It is therefore an important object of my present invention to provide simple but effective means for eliminating this annoyance by providing devices for absorbing substantially all 'of 1 the excessive side pressures before they reach the bearings of the movable jaw actuating mechanism.

Another important object of this invention is'toprovide an improved suspension and actuat- 2 ing mechanism-for the movable jaw of -a;ja-w crusher, which'will vastly reducethe costof construction and maintainance of such machines and prolong the life thereof.

A furtherimportant object of the inventionis to provide a simplified and more-durable'and eflicient bearing assemblage for jaw crushersbf the type having either smoothorlongitudinally corrugated crushing surfaces associated :with the relatively oscillatable crushing jaws.

Still another important objectof -my invention is to provide an improvedjaw crusher of the type wherein at least one of the cooperating crushing-jaws is oscillated by a:rotary eccentric located remote from the crushing chamber, and is provided with side thrust absorbing means nearer to the crushing zone for relieving the actuating eccentric'andits driving shaft from excessive tilting stress.

An additional object of the present invention is to provide an improved jaw crusher unit having' a fixed smooth or corrugated jaw cooperating with a, similar -movable jaw operable by a revolving eccentric at one end cooperating with toggle mechanism at its opposite end, and wherein boththe eccentric and themechanism arerelieved of undue stress due to pressures induced bythe materials being crushed.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention Will be apparent from the follow- .ing detailed description.

A-clear conception of the improved features constituting my invention, and of the construction and operation-of a typical jaw crusher :unit embodying the improvements, may be had by referring to .the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein'like reference characters designate the same 'or .similar .parts in the-different views.

Fig. 1 is a central vertical section through .the typical jaw crusher, illustrating the same in action;

Fig. 2 is a part sectional rearview of thesame jaw crusher, the section havingbeen taken-along the irregular line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and

. .Fig. 3 is an enlarged part sectional fragmentary rear view ofone of the improved side thrust absorbing devices for the movable crusher jaw.

.Although the invention has been shown and described herein as having been applied to: a .jaw-crusherof the eccentric and-toggle actuated type having onlyone of the jaws movable, it .is not my desire or intent to unnecessarily limit the use of the improvedfeatures to such crushing units; and it is also contemplated that specific descriptive terms used herein be given the broadest possible interpretation consistent with the disclosure.

Referring to the drawing, the improved jaw crusher unit shown therein, comprises in general, a sturdy rectangular main frame 6 having corner supporting pads I at its lower end and alined bearing sockets 8 at the rear portions of the upper ends of its opposite side walls 9; a fixed or stationary crushing jaw I firmly but detachably secured within the upright front wall-of the frame 6, and having a series of longitudinal corrugations II thereon; and inclined movable jaw I2 disposed within the main frame and having a hub I3 at its upper end spanning the gap betweenthe frame sockets 8, the jaw I2 being provided with a detachable liner I4 having a series of longitudinal corrugations I5 cooperating with the fixed jaw corrugations II to provide a downwardly tapering crushing zone or chamber 16; 'a toggle link I8 interposed between the lower swinging end of the movable jaw I2 and a bracket I9 coacting with the interior of p the upright rear wall of the frame 6; a driving shaft 20 journalled for rotation in the sockets 8 and having revolvable eccentric portions 2| for oscillating the movable jaw I2 and the toggle link I 8 to crush material 22 gravitating through the crushing chamber I6; and a pair of side thrust absorbing devices associated with the side walls 9 of the frame 8 and with the movable jaw I2 be tween the shaft 20 and the toggle link IS.

The main frame 6, pads I and sockets 8 may be formed integral witheach other, or firmly unitedfand this frame may also be provided externally with re-enforcing ribs 24 and internally with liners 25 secured thereto by bolts 26 at the opposite sides of the crushing chamber I6. The longitudinally corrugated fixed crushing jaw III is securely fastened to the upright front wall of the frame 6 by means of a retainer plate 2! entirely around the tapered crushing zone l6. Th'e toggle link I8 which cooperates with the lower swinging end of the movable jaw I2, has

, its'front end pivotally confined within a socket plate 32 while its opposite end is likewise confinedwithin a socket plate 33 carried by the bracket I9. This toggle link I8 is normally resiliently confined within the sockets of the plates 32, 33 by means of one or more retainer rods 34 and compression springs 35 coacting with cup washers'36, 31 carried by the rear frame wall 'and by the adjacent rods 34 respectively, so that the link l8 and the plates 32, 33 may also be readily removed and replaced when worn, see

Figs. 1 and 2. The bracket I9 is adjustably secured within the frame 6 by horizontal bolts 38 and vertical bolts 39 the latter of which coact with horizontal clamping guides 45; and shims 4| of any desired thickness may be inserted between the bracket I9 and the rear wall of the frame 6 and held in place by means of a jack screw 42. By varying the thickness of these shims 4|, the size of the lower crushed material delivery opening of the chamber I6 may be readily varied, and the degree of compression and the position of the springs 35 relative to the rods 34 may also be conveniently varied as to properly hold the toggle link l8 in place whenever the bracket I9 is adjusted.

The hub [3 which is formed integral with the upper end of the movable jaw I2 and which spans the gap between the frame sockets 8, surrounds the medial portion of the driving shaft 20, and an anti-friction bearing 44 is interposed between this hub I3 and each of the eccentric portions 2| of the shaft 20 which are located at the opposite hub ends. A similar anti-friction bearing 45 is interposed between each of the frame sockets 8 and the portion of the shaft 20 which adjoins each eccentric portion 2|, and a driving sh'eave or pulley 46 is keyed to each of the overhanging or outer ends of the shaft 20. The shaft 20 constitutes a pivotal support for themovable jaw I2, and cooperates. with the toggle link I8 'to oscillate the corrugated liner I4 relative to the stationary jaw I 0; and both of the bearings 44 are preferablyof a type which will permit slight axial movement of the jaw hub I3 relative to the shaft 20,,while one or'b'oth of'the bearings 45 may ,berformed to. absorb slight axial thrust. on the shaft '20. As shown each of these pivot or guide bearings '44-, 4'5 is of the roller type and consists of an annular series of cylindrical rollers .41 disposed between inner and outer ring elements or races, and the races of one of the bearings 45 may be grooved for reception of its rollers as in Fig. 2, while both of these bearings are normally confined within the adjacent frame sockets 8 by detachable caps 48 firmly secured to the frame 6 by means of bolts 49, see Figs. ,1 and 2.

When material 22 is being crushed Within the chamber I6, and especially when'one or both jaws are provided with longitudinal corrugations II, I5 for guiding and gripping the pieces, the movable jaw I2 is subjected to tremendous side pressures tending to tilt this jaw laterally. and to thereby also tilt'the shaft 20 and toggle link l8. The devices for absorbing this side pressure or thrust constitute an important feature of the present invention, and one of these thrust absorbing units is interposed between each of the opposite sides of the movable jawi I2 and the adjacent side wall 9 of the frame 6 approximately mid-way between the shaft 20 and the toggle link I8. As shown in Fig. 3, each of the improved side thrust absorbing devices comprises a sturdy lug 5| either formed integral with or rigidly-secured vto theadjacent rear portion of thejaw I2 by means of screws 52 and areaction key 53, and having a fiat bearing face 54 of considerable area; and a bearing block 55 slidably adjustably confined within a recess 56 in the adjacent wall 6 and being adjustabletoward the surface 54 by means of a jack screw 5'I adapted to be locked in adjusted position with the aid of a nut 58. The block 55 of each of these devices may be; fixed against rotation in any suitable manner, and the contact surface 54 should be of larger area than that of the adjacent block 55 so as toinsure proper contacting of these elements when the throw of the movable jaw I2 is varied. The contacting thrust absorbing surfaces should also be well lubricated with the aid of an oiler 60 as shown.

After the various parts of the improved jaw crusher have been properly constructed andassembled as above described, the jack screws 51 lugs 5| as illustrated in Fig.3. The crushing unit rn'ay then be operated by applying {rotary motion 'to the pulleys 46'-and' shaft 2-0, whereupon the eccentric shaft portions 2 and the toggle link I8 will cooperate to cause the movable jaw l2 to oscillate or swing back and forthv relative to the fixed jaw l0. Material 22 may then be admitted in bulk at the upper larger end of .the tapered crushing zone or chamber l6.and will be gradually reduced as it gravitates through this chamber until it is eventually delivered by gravity through the lower greatly reduced outlet opening, as depicted-in -Fig.-l.- {The size of the final productmay-be varied to suit bymerely'a-pplying shims 4| of different thickness between the bracket I9 and the rear wall of the frame 6, and this crushing action will continue as long as the shaft 20 is rotated.

During normal operation of the crusher, hard pieces of material 22 will repeatedly become wedged between the corrugations ll, l5 which bound the crushing zone l6, and this wedging action creates tremendous side pressures upon the movable jaw l2, which are quickly and effectively absorbed and disbursed by the thrust blocks 55 coacting with the lugs 5| at the opposite sides of the jaw l2. This functioning of the blocks 55 and lugs 5| relieves the toggle link [3 and the shaft 20 from excessive tilting stress, and besides eliminating uneven wear on these parts, also permits the use of simple radially loaded bearings 44, 45 between the jaw l2 and shaft 20, and between this shaft and the frame 6. The absorption or automatic disbursing of this side thrust on the jaw l2 moreover reduces the power required for operation of the crusher, and avoids excessive breakage of rollers 41 when anti-friction bearings are employed, and furthermore permits various parts to be formed of lighter construction,

From the foregoing detailed description of the construction and operation of the invention, it will be apparent that I have in face provided an improved jaw crusher which besides being simple and durable in structure, is also highly efficient and economical in actual use. The improved side thrust absorbing devices may be advantageously applied to jaw crushers of various sizes and capacities having either smooth or corrugated crushing surfaces, and in no manner interfere with adjustment or replacement of worn parts or with the normal functioning of the crusher units. The improvement may also be readily applied to new or existing jaw crushers of various types, and eliminates the necessity of utilizing complicated anti-friction bearings of the end thrust resisting type.

The movable jaw l2 and the shaft 20 and other elements associated therewith may be freely vertically removed from the frame 6 upon release of the caps 48, and just as readily re-applied, without obstruction by the thrust blocks 55, and these blocks may be guided and conveniently adjusted for proper clearance from the exterior of the machine with the aid of the jack screws 51 and lock nuts 58.

The formation of at least one of the shaft bearings 45 so as to absorb slight axial thrust is desirable in order to prevent axialmovement of the shaft 20 induced by the driving pulleys 4B; but the bearings 44 between the jaw I 2 and the shaft 20 are relieved from axial thrust by the blocks 55 and lugs 5 I The location of a the improved anti-side-thrust devices'as near as possible-to the crushing zone 1 6 where the objectionablapressures are actually induced, augments the I effectiveness'thereof to-a maximum-and protects the bearings, 45 to .the utmost against all .but radial or torque stresses. 1

It should be understood that it is not desired to; limit this inventionto the exact details of construction or to the precise mode of. operation of the typical-jaw-crusher herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of theappended claims may oc'curto persons skilledinthe art; I

*I c'laim; I I

1 I-n a jaw crusherya frame having a =fixed upright crushing =j aw mounted thereon, a movable inclined crushing jaw cooperating with said fixed jaw within said fram to provide a downwardly tapered crushing chamber, a rotary eccentric coacting with the upper end of said movable jaw above said chamber, a toggle link coacting with the lower end of said movable jaw and cooperating with said eccentric to move said jaw relative to said fixed jaw to crush material within said chamber, and a thrust bearing coacting with said frame and said movable jaw between said eccentric and said link near said chamber for absorbing side thrust induced upon the movable jaw by the crushing action.

2. In a jaw crusher, a frame, a pair of crushing jaws mounted upon said frame, said jaws being relatively inclined and having corrugated crushing surfaces cooperable to form a tapered crushing chamber, a rotary eccentric coacting with one of said jaws remote from said chamber for relatively moving the jaws to crush material within said chamber, an anti-friction bearing having parallel cylindrical rollers interposed between said eccentric and the movable jaw and permitting relative axial movement of the eccentric and jaw, and side thrust absorbing means coacting with the movable'jaw remote from said eccentric and near said chamber to reliev said bearing from such side thrust.

3. In a jaw crusher, a frame, a pair of crushing jaws mounted upon said frame, said jaws being relatively inclined and having corrugated crushing surfaces cooperable to form a tapered crushing chamber, a rotary shaft having an eccentric portion coacting with one of said jaws remote from said chamber for relatively moving the jaws to crush material within said chamber, an antifriction bearing having parallel cylindrical rollers interposed between said shaft and near said chamber and said frame, and side thrust absorbing means coacting with the movable jaw remote from said shaft to relieve said bearing from thrust induced by said jaw.

4. In a jaw crusher, a frame having a fixed crushing jaw mounted thereon, a movable jaw cooperating with said fixed jaw to provide a downwardly tapered crushing chamber, a shaft having eccentric portions coacting with said movable jaw remote from said chamber for oscillating said jaw relative to said fixed jaw to crush material within said chamber, bearings interposed between said frame and shaft and between said eccentric portions and movable jaw, said bearings being formed to permit sidewise displacement of said movable jaw, and means coacting with said movable jaw near said chamber for relieving said bearings from tilting action and for absorbing sid thrust induced by the movable jaw.

5. In a jaw crusher, a frame, a pair of crushing ,jaws' mounted upon said frame,.said jaws being relatively inclined and at least one jaw having a longitudinally corrugated crushing surface cooperable with the other to form a tapered crushing chamber, a driving shaft having revolvable eccentric portions for moving one of said jaws to crush material within said chamber, and a side thrust absorbing bearing interposed between each sidejof said frame and movable jaw remote from said shaft and near said chamber for relieving the shaft and said eccentric portionsfrom tilting action induced by said jaw corrugations.

6. In a jaw crusher, a frame, a pair of crushing jaws mounted upon said frame, said jaws being relatively inclined and having longitudinally corrugated crushing surfaces cooperable to form a tapered crushing chamber, a rotary eccentric coactingwith one nd of one of said jaws, a toggle link coacting with the opposite end of said jaw to move the latter to crush material within said chamber, and a side thrust absorbing bearing eoacting with the movable jaw and with each side of said frame near said chamber to relieve said eccentric and link from side thrust induced by said corrugations.

HARVEY H. RUMPEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

